巾関数の積分表現
\[
\frac{1}{z^{\alpha}}=\frac{1}{\Gamma\left(\alpha\right)}\int_{0}^{\infty}t^{\alpha-1}e^{-zt}dt
\]
複素指数関数の極形式
\[
\alpha^{\beta}=\left|\alpha\right|^{\Re\left(\beta\right)}e^{-\Im\left(\beta\right)\arg\alpha}e^{i\left(\Im\left(\beta\right)\ln\left|\alpha\right|+\Re\left(\beta\right)\arg\alpha\right)}
\]
複二次式の定義と因数分解
\[
a_{4}x^{4}+a_{2}x^{2}+a_{0}=\frac{1}{4a_{4}}\left(2a_{4}x^{2}+a_{2}+\sqrt{a_{2}^{\;2}-4a_{4}a_{0}}\right)\left(2a_{4}x^{2}+a_{2}-\sqrt{a_{2}^{\;2}-4a_{4}a_{0}}\right)
\]
2項係数の2乗和
\[
\sum_{j=0}^{m}C^{2}(m,j)=C(2m,m)
\]