1

\begin{align*} \Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) & =\int_{0}^{\infty}t^{\frac{1}{2}-1}e^{-t}dt\\ & =\int_{0}^{\infty}t^{-\frac{1}{2}}e^{-t}dt\\ & =2\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-s^{2}}ds\qquad,\qquad t=s^{2}\\ & =\sqrt{\pi} \end{align*}

2

\begin{align*} \Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) & =\int_{0}^{\infty}t^{\frac{1}{2}-1}e^{-t}dt\\ & >\int_{0}^{\infty}0dt\\ & =0 \end{align*} より、
\begin{align*} \Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) & =\sqrt{\Gamma^{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\\ & =\sqrt{\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\Gamma\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)}\\ & =\sqrt{\pi\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)}\\ & =\sqrt{\pi} \end{align*}