第2種不完全ガンマ関数とガンマ関数の比の極限
第2種不完全ガンマ関数とガンマ関数の比の極限
(1)
\[ \lim_{k\rightarrow0}\frac{\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k\right)}=\delta_{0x} \](2)
\[ \lim_{k\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k\right)}=1 \]-
\(\Gamma\left(x\right)\)はガンマ関数、\(\Gamma\left(k,x\right)\)は第2種不完全ガンマ関数、\(\delta_{ij}\)はクロネッカーのデルタ(1)
\begin{align*} \lim_{k\rightarrow0}\frac{\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k\right)} & =\lim_{k\rightarrow0}\frac{k\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{k\Gamma\left(k\right)}\\ & =\lim_{k\rightarrow0}\frac{k\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k+1\right)}\\ & =\lim_{k\rightarrow0}\frac{\Gamma\left(k+1,x\right)-x^{k}e^{-x}}{\Gamma\left(k+1\right)}\\ & =\lim_{k\rightarrow0}\frac{\Gamma\left(1,x\right)-x^{k}e^{-x}}{\Gamma\left(1\right)}\\ & =e^{-x}-\left(1-\delta_{0x}\right)e^{-x}\\ & =\delta_{0x}e^{-x}\\ & =\delta_{0x} \end{align*}(2)
\begin{align*} \lim_{k\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k\right)} & =\lim_{k\rightarrow0}\frac{\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k\right)}+\sum_{k=+0}^{\infty}\left(\frac{\Gamma\left(k+1,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k+1\right)}-\frac{\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k\right)}\right)\\ & =\delta_{0x}+\sum_{k=+0}^{\infty}\left(\frac{\Gamma\left(k+1,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k+1\right)}-\frac{\Gamma\left(k,x\right)}{\Gamma\left(k\right)}\right)\\ & =\delta_{0x}+e^{-x}\sum_{k=+0}^{\infty}\frac{x^{k}}{k!}\\ & =\delta_{0x}+e^{-x}\left(e^{x}-\delta_{0x}\right)\\ & =\delta_{0x}\left(1-e^{-x}\right)+1\\ & =1 \end{align*}
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ガンマ関数の漸化式
\[
\Gamma(z+1)=z\Gamma(z)
\]
偶数と奇数の2重階乗
\[
\left(2n+1\right)!!=2^{n+1}\frac{\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)!}{\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}
\]
第1種・第2種不完全ガンマ関数の漸化式
\[
\Gamma\left(a+1,x\right)=a\Gamma\left(a,x\right)+x^{a}e^{-x}
\]
ガンマ関数の微分
\[
\frac{d}{dz}\Gamma(z)=\Gamma(z)\psi(z)
\]